AIAE » E-LEARNING » INTERVIEW 5
Machine learning and human machine interaction
The following interview snippets were given by Jurij Krpan and cover the importance of AI and in particular the relevant aspects, opportunities and risks of machine learning as well as the challenges and threats of human machine interaction.
transcript
My name is Jurij Krpan. I am a curator at Galerija Kapelica, which is a part of the Kersnikova Institute, which is an art platform. Its purpose is to give artists access to laboratories, where they can carry out their art projects. Galerija Kapelica has been in existence for 26 years and specialises in the field of contemporary art research, where artists thematise, a society permeated by high technology, not only electronics, but also biotechnology, telecommunication, robotics, and so on.
Quiz question 1/8
The interviewee, Jurij Krpan, works within the Kersnikova Institute, which is
Quiz question 1/1
You have completed the Quiz!
transcript
What is machine learning and how does it work? Machine learning is very simply said a written algorithm that can process a huge amount of data. We must enable the accessibility of the data, then there are different ways to extract the materials from this entry in the database. The material is later changed into more or less meaningful sentences or when working with images, more or less meaningful insights, which are a result of machine learning. Machine learning is called artificial intelligence in a more affectionate way, since it’s not really about some intelligence but because the machines are really capable, and their ability fascinates us in the same way as the ability of highly intelligent people who are capable of quickly processing huge amounts of data and then communicate it. Here I could list different types of machine learning but taking into consideration that it is in a big swing, many new concepts are also being developed so I don’t think it makes any particular sense to list the forms of the machine learning.
Quiz question 1/8
What is machine learning?
Quiz question 1/1
You have completed the Quiz!
transcript
What is the main difference between machine learning and ordinary programming? There are not many differences, but at the same time they are important. With ordinary programming, we already have a fairly accurate idea of what is programmed and how things will look. With machine learning we have a thesis that offers itself as a possible answer through machine learning. Some of these possible answers are more accurate, they are more elaborated, and some are more like guessing. In fact, it is all about more or less accurate guessing.
Quiz question 1/8
True or false?
Machine learning and classic programming are basically the same thing.
Quiz question 1/8
True or false?
With classic programming we pretty much know what the end result will look like.
Quiz question 1/8
True or false?
The result of classic programming is either an accurate result or a speculation.
Quiz question 1/8
True or false?
Machine learning proposes different outputs during data processing.
Quiz question 1/1
You have completed the Quiz!
transcript
Can you present some concrete examples of machine learning to make it easier to imagine it? For example, with the purpose of making it easier for people to imagine what we are dealing with, we have used one form of machine learning, which is based on the algorithm GPT-2. It is an open AI, the second generation, which we have included in the design of our newsletter. It is published once per month at our institute because we have a huge variety of activities. We publish what we are going to be doing this month, for example some exhibition, workshops, performances, where we are hosting, we also publish similar events run by our partners around the world. In short, there is quite a lot of data and at the beginning of this newsletter I wrote an introduction which should have motivated the recipient to go through our quite long newsletter. I was constantly late with these introductions and our PR constantly reminded me about it. Together we came up with the idea of algorithm writing the introduction. Now all the published texts are put through the algorithm, which later transforms it into a short text. It creates a short metaphor for what was put into the algorithm. The database is rather small, since the basis is our newsletter, but it manages to summarise the texts more or less appropriately. Some words are used in a strange way, especially because the algorithm is meant for English and not Slovene language. Then it searches the web in all the Slavic languages for language and letter specifics. Texts are usually formed from Polish, Czech, Russian. Every time you press the submit button, the second suggestion appears. It takes a little bit of effort and pressing the submit button. Later, human intelligence and judgment take place. The person who creates the newsletter chooses the appropriate introduction of the newsletter by himself. It is now more efficient. We have delegated one function to the algorithm. Usually more witty introductions are chosen, by which we point to the capacity on the ability of this machine learning. Recipients of our newsletter can get a little sense of what it means to create an introduction with the help of the algorithm.
Quiz question 1/8
For what purpose was machine learning used at the Kersnikova Institute?
Quiz question 1/8
What did the creators of the magazine at the Kersnikova Institute avoid by using machine learning?
Quiz question 1/8
What is the sequence of processes of applying machine learning at the Kersnikova Institute?
Quiz question 1/8
What can be problematic about algorithm-generated texts?
Quiz question 1/1
You have completed the Quiz!
transcript
It is about the cooperation with artificial intelligence and human interaction with a machine. Can you tell us more about the human-machine interaction? Yes, I’m increasingly convinced that artificial intelligence is not about some kind of intelligence that is in any way similar to human intelligence, but that these algorithms are really so capable that they become our dialogue partners. As if when I am sitting around the table with my colleagues we debate sometimes about the program, sometimes finance, sometimes about politics and so on, we have another chair where this machine is sitting. It offers us an echo of our thoughts. We have not yet in such a way implemented the artificial intelligence, but we intend to, because we are developing an interface which will help the innovators innovate. We would like to see that one of the innovators is a kind of AI. Perhaps it can contribute an inspiration in a brainstorming session or a talk with humour or uncanny way of folding things together. Especially if there is a group of experts around the table who are more egocentric and emotionally exhausting. On the other hand we have a machine, which creates approximation and suggestions that release the tension in these conversations. At the beginning I have mention that this machine iterates what is said or put in by the humans. In artistic circles we are dealing with the idea in which these machines can emancipate through conversation among themselves, machine to the machine. They develop some lexicon, some level of communication which is incomprehensible to us humans. But can be meaningful and through this communication we can better understand the way the algorithms work. We have art projects where data is taken from sensors which are attached to plants or some environments in which the animals move and act which are equipped with sensors. Then suddenly you don’t get any more human-human dialogue (excluding that a person is already included, since he has written the algorithm), but communication between extracted human in algorithm, the animals, or plants. Art projects that we do encourage interactivity that is not just responsiveness, for example you press a button, and something jumps, but true interaction, meaning you press, something happens, and it influences you back that you press again. It creates a communication loop. We have a situation of intercognition between more forms of liveliness, machine, and plants. Through this communication which can be very different from that of a human – plant, we are exploring our own prejudices as to what the plant is and what the machine is. It acts as a bioindicator and so on. The artists are using these tools in very innovative ways, so we can better understand these tools on one hand and to better understand the nature or the environment in which we live on the other hand. The amount of data is so big that sometimes it is bigger than the average human brain can process and because of that it makes sense to develop algorithms.
Quiz question 1/8
True or false?
AI can produce new ideas and is helpful when brainstorming.
Quiz question 1/8
True or false?
One of the purposes of algorithms in AI is a better understanding of technology and the environment in which we live.
Quiz question 1/8
True or false?
We do not need human intervention to operate artificial intelligence systems.
Quiz question 1/8
True or false?
Artificial intelligence can be a good source for objective communication.
Quiz question 1/8
True or false?
In the expert’s opinion human intelligence can be equated with artificial intelligence.
Quiz question 1/8
True or false?
Artificial intelligence can be an interactive mediator for the communication circle with non- human beings, e.g. animals, plants.
Quiz question 1/1
You have completed the Quiz!
transcript
What are the threats and challenges when working with AI? Challenges are the same as in every technology we use in our lives. A user without knowledge and sensibility risks that the machine will use him and not the opposite. We see this already in very simple consumer situations. Our phones have taken a large part of our attention. We do see that technology enters our intimate lives, as well it affects the society. Sometimes, say at the beginning of mobile telephony, it was easier for the few who had the phones and they had a certain advantage in the organization of the work. Today it is so that if you do not have a mobile phone and if you are not always accessible it is already a disadvantage and it is already a certain psychological pressure on the people. You must know how and when to unplug yourself, and also protect your right for privacy. Here I see the need for people to develop their digital literacy and computer literacy. Simply, as every man develops a certain financial literacy, e.g. when he goes to the shop he knows that he will not pay a thousand euros for the bread. Similarly, we have to develop digital and computer literacy.
Quiz question 1/8
According to the expert is it true that human self-control and setting boundaries does not affect the optimal use of technology?
Is digital literacy important for a better control of technology?
Is it true that technology does not affect society as a whole?
According to the expert does AI work well in treating contagious diseases.
Can AI provide better access to a patient’s data at the international and national level?
Can the quality of treating patients be improved by using AI?
Quiz question 1/1
You have completed the Quiz!
transcript
…
Quiz question 1/8
In the expert’s opinion it is important to understand and perceive AI through
Quiz question 1/1
You have completed the Quiz!